Sensory salience processing moderates attenuated gazes on faces in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study.

IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Molecular Autism Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI:10.1186/s13229-023-00537-6
Nico Bast, Luke Mason, Christine Ecker, Sarah Baumeister, Tobias Banaschewski, Emily J H Jones, Declan G M Murphy, Jan K Buitelaar, Eva Loth, Gahan Pandina, Christine M Freitag
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Abstract

Background: Attenuated social attention is a key marker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent neuroimaging findings also emphasize an altered processing of sensory salience in ASD. The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) has been established as a modulator of this sensory salience processing (SSP). We tested the hypothesis that altered LC-NE functioning contributes to different SSP and results in diverging social attention in ASD.

Methods: We analyzed the baseline eye-tracking data of the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) for subgroups of autistic participants (n = 166, age = 6-30 years, IQ = 61-138, gender [female/male] = 41/125) or neurotypical development (TD; n = 166, age = 6-30 years, IQ = 63-138, gender [female/male] = 49/117) that were matched for demographic variables and data quality. Participants watched brief movie scenes (k = 85) depicting humans in social situations (human) or without humans (non-human). SSP was estimated by gazes on physical and motion salience and a corresponding pupillary response that indexes phasic activity of the LC-NE. Social attention is estimated by gazes on faces via manual areas of interest definition. SSP is compared between groups and related to social attention by linear mixed models that consider temporal dynamics within scenes. Models are controlled for comorbid psychopathology, gaze behavior, and luminance.

Results: We found no group differences in gazes on salience, whereas pupillary responses were associated with altered gazes on physical and motion salience. In ASD compared to TD, we observed pupillary responses that were higher for non-human scenes and lower for human scenes. In ASD, we observed lower gazes on faces across the duration of the scenes. Crucially, this different social attention was influenced by gazes on physical salience and moderated by pupillary responses.

Limitations: The naturalistic study design precluded experimental manipulations and stimulus control, while effect sizes were small to moderate. Covariate effects of age and IQ indicate that the findings differ between age and developmental subgroups.

Conclusions: Pupillary responses as a proxy of LC-NE phasic activity during visual attention are suggested to modulate sensory salience processing and contribute to attenuated social attention in ASD.

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感觉显著性加工调节自闭症谱系障碍患者对面部的减弱注视:一项病例对照研究。
背景:社会注意减弱是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的重要标志。最近的神经影像学发现也强调了ASD中感觉显著性处理的改变。蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素系统(LC-NE)已被确定为这种感觉显著性加工(SSP)的调节剂。我们测试了LC-NE功能改变导致不同SSP的假设,并导致ASD患者的社会注意分化。方法:我们分析了EU-AIMS欧洲自闭症纵向项目(LEAP)的基线眼动追踪数据,这些数据来自于自闭症参与者亚组(n = 166,年龄= 6-30岁,智商= 61-138,性别[女/男]= 41/125)或神经典型发育(TD;n = 166,年龄= 6-30岁,智商= 63-138,性别[女/男]= 49/117),人口学变量与数据质量相匹配。参与者观看了简短的电影场景(k = 85),描绘了人类在社交场合(人类)或没有人类(非人类)的情景。SSP是通过观察身体和运动显著性以及相应的瞳孔反应来估计的,瞳孔反应是指LC-NE的相活动。社会注意力是通过对脸部的注视,通过手动定义兴趣区域来估计的。SSP在群体之间进行比较,并通过考虑场景内时间动态的线性混合模型与社会注意力相关。模型控制了共病精神病理、凝视行为和亮度。结果:我们发现在注视显著性方面没有组间差异,而瞳孔反应与注视物理和运动显著性的改变有关。与TD相比,我们观察到ASD患者的瞳孔反应在非人类场景中更高,而在人类场景中更低。在自闭症患者中,我们观察到,在整个场景中,他们的视线都在向下。至关重要的是,这种不同的社会注意受到对身体显著性的注视的影响,并受到瞳孔反应的调节。局限性:自然主义的研究设计排除了实验操作和刺激控制,而效应大小为小到中等。年龄和智商的协变量效应表明,年龄和发育亚组之间的结果是不同的。结论:瞳孔反应作为视觉注意过程中LC-NE相活动的代表,可能调节感觉显著性加工,并有助于ASD社会注意的减弱。
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来源期刊
Molecular Autism
Molecular Autism GENETICS & HEREDITY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.60%
发文量
44
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Molecular Autism is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality basic, translational and clinical research that has relevance to the etiology, pathobiology, or treatment of autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Research that includes integration across levels is encouraged. Molecular Autism publishes empirical studies, reviews, and brief communications.
期刊最新文献
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