Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update.

IF 19 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-11-15 DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23
Divyadarshini Angamuthu, Sandhya Vivekanandan, Luke Elizabeth Hanna
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Abstract

A major impediment for HIV cure is the ability of the virus to integrate its genome in the form of replication-competent proviral DNA into the cellular genome of the host and remain transcriptionally silent and hidden from the host's immune defense mechanisms in latent reservoir cells. These latent reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, long-lived cells that are capable of reactivating to restore the viremic stage in virally suppressed individuals upon treatment interruption, thus necessitating life-long antiretroviral treatment. Latency reversal has become one of the most explored therapeutic approaches for eliminating HIV reservoirs and effecting HIV cure. Various aspects governing the establishment, maintenance, and reversal of HIV latency continue to be an enigma and warrant further research. Quantifying the size of the latent reservoir pool is also a challenge as these cells are very few in number and cannot be easily differentiated from uninfected cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.

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HIV潜伏期的实验模型和储层定量的分子工具的更新。
HIV治愈的一个主要障碍是该病毒能够以具有复制能力的原病毒DNA的形式将其基因组整合到宿主的细胞基因组中,并在潜伏储存库细胞中保持转录沉默,不受宿主免疫防御机制的影响。这些潜伏的储存库是高度异质性的、长寿命的细胞,在治疗中断时能够在病毒抑制的个体中重新激活以恢复病毒血症阶段,因此需要终身抗逆转录病毒治疗。潜伏逆转已成为消除HIV病毒库和实现HIV治愈的研究热点之一。控制HIV潜伏期的建立、维持和逆转的各个方面仍然是一个谜,需要进一步的研究。由于这些细胞数量很少,并且不易与未感染的细胞区分,因此对潜伏库池的大小进行量化也是一项挑战。本文全面综述了目前用于研究HIV潜伏期的体外和体内模型,以及最近开发的用于检测和定量潜伏病毒库的分子工具。
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来源期刊
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Clinical Microbiology Reviews 医学-微生物学
CiteScore
54.20
自引率
0.50%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (CMR) is a journal that primarily focuses on clinical microbiology and immunology.It aims to provide readers with up-to-date information on the latest developments in these fields.CMR also presents the current state of knowledge in clinical microbiology and immunology.Additionally, the journal offers balanced and thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues in these areas.
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