Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan.

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI:10.1017/erm.2022.36
Luka Culig, Burcin Duan Sahbaz, Vilhelm A Bohr
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Abstract

Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.

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延长寿命干预对认知健康的影响。
众所周知,衰老是大多数神经退行性疾病的主要风险因素,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病。它们目前无法治愈并随着时间的推移而恶化,这在寿命和健康寿命延长的背景下具有广泛的意义。如果认知老化没有得到充分改善,延长寿命甚至身体健康都是不理想的,甚至是不够的。在这篇综述中,我们将研究有可能延长动物寿命的干预措施如何影响大脑,以及它们是否能够阻止或延缓认知功能障碍和/或神经退行性变的发展。这些干预措施包括生活方式(热量限制、体育锻炼和环境富集)、药理学(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸前体、白藜芦醇、雷帕霉素、二甲双胍、亚精胺和抗衰老药物)和表观遗传重编程。我们认为,虽然这些干预措施中有许多具有改善认知健康和恢复能力的明显潜力,但需要大规模和长期随机对照试验,以及利用洗脱期来确定补充剂停止的影响的研究,特别是在老年人中。
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来源期刊
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
1.60%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine is an innovative online journal featuring authoritative and timely Reviews covering gene therapy, immunotherapeutics, drug design, vaccines, genetic testing, pathogenesis, microbiology, genomics, molecular epidemiology and diagnostic techniques. We especially welcome reviews on translational aspects of molecular medicine, particularly those related to the application of new understanding of the molecular basis of disease to experimental medicine and clinical practice.
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