On the problem of objectivity: between rationality, representation and ideology.

Abstract

espanolA pesar de toda la discusion contemporanea sobre la relatividad de los puntos de vista, el valor de la "objetividad" parece todavia bastante presente principalmente en la narrativa de los medios sobre si mismos. En este articulo, trataremos de demostrar como esta nocion de "objetividad" puede ser reinterpretada, en el limite, como una expresion ideologica. Para ello, nos centraremos en la nocion de "objetividad" problematizada por la filosofa brasilena Marilena Chaui. Haremos un viaje basado en escritos especificos del extenso trabajo de la filosofa, escritos que fueron revisados y mejorados en diferentes textos en los ultimos anos. Nuestro camino presentara, al principio, un sobrevuelo por la definicion de Chaui sobre el termino "ideologia", yendo al tema de su relacion con la idea de "objetividad", especialmente con respecto al papel de la "objetividad" en la construccion de la “ideologia”. Tales conceptos son bastante oportunos en la reflexion sobre los nuevos arreglos de la esfera publica despues de la explosion de las comunicaciones digitales. Debido a esto, concluimos con una breve discusion sobre el problema actual y complejo de la post-verdad y las fake news. Asumimos aqui el caracter in progress de nuestro analisis, ademas de la opcion para la definicion de este corte especifico como una forma de presentar una dentro de las innumerables posibilidades de discusion de la controvertida cuestion de la objetividad. EnglishDespite all the contemporary discussion about the relativity of the points of view, the value of "objectivity" seems still quite present mainly in the narrative of the media about itself. In this article, we will try to demonstrate how this notion of "objectivity" can be reinterpreted, in the limit, as an ideological expression. For this, we will focus on the notion of "objectivity" problematized by the Brazilian philosopher Marilena Chaui. We will make a journey based on specific writings of the extensive work of the philosopher, writings that were revised and improved in different texts in the last years. Our path will present, at first, an overfly by the definition made by Chaui about the term "ideology", going to the theme of its relationship with the idea of "objectivity", especially in regard to the role of the "objectivity" in the construction of the "ideology". Such concepts are quite opportune in the reflection on the new arrangements of public sphere after the explosion of digital communications. Because of this, we conclude with a brief discussion about the actual and complex problem of the post-truth and "fake news". We assume here the ongoing character of our analysis, beyond the option for the definition of this specific cut as a way to present one within the innumerable possibilities of discussion of the controversial issue of objectivity.