Meta-analysis on prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Chinese children aged 0-14 years from 2000 to 2020

Abstract

Objective To systematically review the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children aged 0- 14 years in China from 2000 to 2020, and to provide a reference for prevention and controlling of IDA among Chinese children. Methods CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP databases, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were electronically searched to collect crosssectional studies on the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children aged 0-14 years of China from 2000 to April 2020. Two reviewers independently conducted literature screening, methodological evaluation and data extraction, and used Stata 13.0 software to combine the data to estimate the prevalence. The Q test and I 2 statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies. Begg and Egger test were used to evaluater. Results A total of 60 articles were included, including 122 771 children, among whom 28 693 were sick. Meta-analysis results showed that the total prevalence rate of children aged 0-14 years in China from 2000 to 2020 was 19.9%. The prevalence rate of girls (18.7%) was higher than that of boys (16.9%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The prevalence rate was highest in infancy (30.3%), followed by in early childhood (16.7%). From 2006 to 2010, the prevalence rate of children was the highest (22.6%). In recent years, the prevalence rate of children with iron deficiency anemia was lower than before. Mild anemia was found in 88.7% of the children, and moderate or severe anemia was found in 11.3% of the children. The prevalence rate of children in western China was the highest, 31.9% and 28.3% respectively, and the incidence rate in east China (13.1%), south China (14.0%) and northeast China (16.6%) was relatively low. The prevalence rate of rural children (25.6%) was much higher than that of urban children (9.1%), especially in western rural areas. Conclusion The prevalence of i- ron-deficiency anemia among children aged 0-14 years in China from 2000 to 2020 is still high and the differences between different regions are significant, so more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia among infants and children in poor areas. 【摘要】 目的 系统评价 2000—2020 年中国 0~14 岁儿童缺铁性贫血 (kon deficieng anemia, IDA)的流行现状, 为中国 儿童IDA的防治提供依据。 方法 通过计算机检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普、万方、PubMed、Embase、 Web of Science数据库, 收集 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 4 月 29 日公开发表的关于中国0~14岁儿童缺铁性贫血的横断面 研究。中文检索词包括缺铁性贫血、儿童、小儿、患病率、现况, 英文检索词包括 Anemia、iron-deficiency、child、children、epidemiology、cross-sectional studies、China、Chinese等, 并追溯参考文献以补充相关文献。由 2 位研究者独立进行文献筛选、方 法学评价和资料提取, 应用 Stata 13.0 软件对结果进行数据合并估算患病率, 利用C检验和 I 2 值评价研究异质性, Begg 及 Egger检验评价发表偏倚。 结果 共纳人 60 篇文献 122 771 例儿童, 其中患病儿童 28 693 例。Meta分析结果显示, 2000—2020 年中国 0~14 岁儿童总患病率为 19.9%, 女童患病率 (18.7%) 高于男童 (16.9%), 差异有统计学意义 ( P <0.05); 婴儿 期患病率最高 (30.3%), 其次为幼儿期 (16.7%); 2006—2010 年儿童患病率最高 (22.6%), 但近年来儿童缺铁性贫血患病 率较前下降, 2011—2015 年为 21.9%, 2016—2020 年降至 16.8%; 88.7% 的患病儿童表现为轻度贫血, 仅 11.3% 表现为中重 度;西北、西南地区儿童患病率最高, 分别为 31.9%, 28.3%, 华东、华南及东北发病率相对较低, 分别为 13.1%, 14.0%, 16.6%; 农村儿童患病率 (25.6%)远高于城市儿童 (9.1%), 尤以西部农村地区表现明显。 结论 2000—2020 年中国 0~14 岁儿童缺铁性贫血患病率仍较高且地区间差异显著, 应继续重视婴幼儿及贫困地区儿童缺铁性贫血防治工作。