Trade-off between Technical Airworthiness and Operating Costs Study Based on B737 MAX MCAS System Failures

Lei Zhang, J. Sun, N. Bardell, Yan Liu, Hanxiao Zhang, X. Dai
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Abstract

Airborne software is invisible, intangible, and unlike the physical structures of the aircraft, which can be inspected, measured, and thoroughly tested. Given that airborne software can significantly impact the safety of the aircraft, its abnormal behaviours may cause the aircraft to be in a catastrophic failure condition. This essay studied the trade-off between technical airworthiness and operating costs based on B737 MAX MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System) failures. The key aspects of 737 Max Accidents are identified and analyzed. It could be concluded that the airborne software was not the root cause of MCAS failure, the software correctly implemented the requirements allocated from the system, however, there was design flaws in the system design architecture and safety assessment process mainly due to the pressure of competition and the pursuit of profit.
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基于B737 MAX MCAS系统故障的技术适航与运营成本权衡研究
机载软件是看不见的、无形的,不像飞机的物理结构,它可以被检查、测量和彻底测试。机载软件对飞机的安全性影响很大,其异常行为可能导致飞机处于灾难性故障状态。本文以B737 MAX机动特性增强系统(MCAS)故障为例,研究了技术适航性与运营成本之间的权衡关系。确定并分析了737 Max事故的关键方面。可以得出结论,机载软件不是MCAS失效的根本原因,软件正确执行了系统分配的要求,但主要由于竞争压力和对利润的追求,在系统设计架构和安全评估过程中存在设计缺陷。
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