Methods and Challenges of Establishing the Geographic Origin of Diamonds

Evan M. Smith, K. Smit, S. Shirey
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Abstract

GEMS & GEMOLOGY FALL 2022 Some famous diamonds, such as the Hope, the Cullinan, and the 404.2 ct “4 de Fevereiro” diamond in figure 1, have high-profile histories that include their geographic provenance. Other diamonds with a known origin can occasionally be sourced in the marketplace or directly from miners. But for the majority of diamonds, this information is not preserved, instead becoming obscured as they move through the supply chain. To some extent, diamond provenance has not been seen as a valuable piece of information and is not presented as a relevant pricing factor the way it sometimes is for some other gemstones. Rough diamonds are typically bought and sold in lots or parcels based on physical characteristics, including color, clarity, size, and morphology. In assembling these parcels, it is common practice to mix diamonds of similar character from different mines. Faceted diamonds are sold mainly on the basis of the 4Cs (color, cut, clarity, and carat weight) and may be mixed further. Beyond the historical or scientific interest in provenance, several recent developments have put dia mond origin at the forefront of conversations in the industry and among consumers. Initially, this was driven by a need to track conflict diamonds and prevent their entrance into the trade. Now, with mountMETHODS AND CHALLENGES OF ESTABLISHING THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF DIAMONDS
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确定钻石地理来源的方法与挑战
一些著名的钻石,如图1中的“希望”、“库里南”和404.2克拉的“4 de Fevereiro”钻石,有着引人注目的历史,包括它们的地理来源。其他来源已知的钻石偶尔可以在市场上或直接从矿工那里获得。但对于大多数钻石来说,这些信息并没有被保存下来,而是在它们通过供应链的过程中变得模糊不清。在某种程度上,钻石的来源并没有被视为一种有价值的信息,也没有像其他宝石那样被视为一个相关的定价因素。未经加工的钻石通常是根据其物理特性(包括颜色、净度、大小和形态)成批或包裹买卖的。在组装这些包裹时,通常的做法是将来自不同矿山的相似性质的钻石混合在一起。多面钻石的销售主要基于4c(颜色、切割、净度和克拉重量),也可能进一步混合。除了历史或科学对钻石来源的兴趣之外,最近的一些进展也使钻石的来源成为业内和消费者讨论的焦点。最初,这是由于需要追踪冲突钻石并防止它们进入贸易。现在,通过各种方法和挑战来确定钻石的地理来源
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