The Comparative Study of Utilizing "Architectural Technology" in "Architectural Conservation" in Iran and the West

Abstract

During the last few decades the western societies have accomplished successful projects by creative utilization of architectural technology in architectural conservation such as the Columbia Museum of Art, New Acropolis Museum, and dozens of other projects. This is while in Iran we have not been able to benefit from architectural technology in architectural conservation measures in a creative way yet. It is obvious that architectural technology in Iran has not been progressed step by step with western societies, and there is a ponderable gap in this field between Iran and the mentioned societies; however, the research problem is that we cannot even benefit from what we have from technological developments in architecture field in architectural conservation measures. This issue is important because nowadays the architectural conservation measures in Iran do not meet the current needs from architectural heritage, and in this respect and considering the richness of this heritage in the country, we have lost and are losing many material and spiritual opportunities that we could have achieved from this potential. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the cause of Iran's backwardness in this field compared to the mentioned societies, and the question that is proposed based on this purpose is: "Why do the western countries have a more successful performance in comparison to Iran in utilizing architectural technology common in architectural conservation?" If the focus is on a wider timeframe, it is found that since the Renaissance period that is from the emergence period of modern technology and thought backgrounds in western societies, the relationship of the specialized fields with each other and with the society began to break down and consequently some challenges in the field of architecture and architectural conservation were also created for these societies. Accordingly, in the present research, firstly, the evolutions history of each of the architectural technology fields – including engineering and architecture form – and architectural conservation and evolution of the relationship of these two fields 121 D ow nl oa de d fr om jr ia .iu st .a c. ir at 2 0: 03 IR S T o n T ue sd ay N ov em be r 9t h 20 21 [ D O I: 10 .5 25 47 /jr ia .9 .2 .1 03 ] 122 همانلصف شهوژپ یس هرامش /یملاسا یرامعم یاه مکی و / ناتسبات 1400 مهن لاس / in western countries and Iran were investigated, and secondly, the type of the relationship of the specialties with the society and with each other have been focused in investigating these evolutions. In order to answer the research question, the relationship between the two fields of architectural technology and architectural conservation during the periods of tradition, passing from tradition to industry after passing from tradition to industry and the present time have been studied comparatively with a qualitative approach, historical research method, and comparative analysis from the subsets of this approach. The studies indicated that in the western societies from the early fourteenth to the midnineteenth century subsequent to the evolution of architectural technology from traditional nature to industrial one as well as the evolution of architectural conservation from traditional to scientific, an undesirable relationship was gradually formed based on the compliance of scientific conservation only from the architectural aspect, and subsequently, from the technology engineering aspect. As an undeveloped product of the period of transition from tradition to industry, the existing undesirable relationship eventually became a desirable one by evolution of industrial architectural technology and scientific conservation and paying attention to the user and approaching the culture-oriented paradigm. This is while in Iran since the beginning of the present century and following the offhand introduction of industrial architectural technology and scientific conservation, as the transition period’s product in the West, the relationship between these two fields faced problems beyond the post-transition period in the West and this resulted in breaking down of the relationship between industrial architectural technology and scientific conservation. Even after paying attention to the user and culture, no relationship was established between these two fields in the country. Hence, this problem is on the one hand originated from a scientific gap of several centuries between Iran and the western societies in this field, and on the other hand due to the failure to fill this gap by ignoring the culture-oriented paradigm. Failure to approach this paradigm in architectural conservation has led to the control of archeological mentality over the country’s scientific conservation and continuation of its problematic relationship with architectural technology and the society, whether from engineering or architectural aspect. Moreover, in the field of architectural technology, failure to adopt the culture-oriented paradigm has resulted in the lack of balance and coordination of engineering and architectural aspects with each other and with the society. Therefore, unlike western societies, a desirable triple relationship has not yet been established among engineering, architecture and architectural conservation with each other and the society which, in turn, has resulted in backwardness of the country in utilizing architectural technology in architectural conservation.