A Leader-Follower Relation between a Human and an Agent

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to investigate which of an agent's properties determines leader-follower relationships in cooperative tasks performed by a human and an agent (a computer). The possible factors of an agent are intelligence, obstinance, and appearance. In this paper, we focused on intelligence and obstinance and conducted a psychological experiment using a mark matching game with a declaration phase, which enables us to observe who becomes the leader in a cooperative task. Experimental results showed that humans tend to follow an agent who has low intelligence and more obstinance rather than an agent who has high intelligence and less obstinance, and we found that obstinance is more important than intelligence in being a leader in human-computer interaction.