Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION.............................4.......................... .. . 476 FACETS OF PATHOGENICITY THAT CAN BE INFLUENCED BY MICROBIAL SURFACES ............................................................. 476 INFLUENCE ON MICROBIAL SURFACES OF GROWTH CONDITIONS IN VIVO 477 SURFACE COMPONENTS OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ENTRY TO THE HOST: MUCOUS MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS ............ 479 Bacteria .................................................................... 479 Adherence .................................................................. 479 Competition with commensals .... . ........................................... 480 Resistance to host defense mechanisms in mucus ....... ..................... 481 Penetration............................................................... 481 Viruses ..................................................................... 481 Adherence ................................................................. 481 Competition with commensals .... . ........................................... 482 Resistance to host defense mechanisms in mucus ....... ..................... 482 Penetration............................................................... 482 Fungi....................................................................... 482 Protozoa.................................................................... 482 SURFACE COMPONENTS OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO MULTIPLICATION IN VIVO ........... ................................. 482 Bacteria .................................................................... 482 Viruses ..................................................................... 483 Fungi....................................................................... 484 Protozoa.................................................................... 484 SURFACE COMPONENTS OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INTERFERENCE WITH HOST DEFENSES ....... ......................... 484 Bacteria .................................................................... 484 Interference with humoral defenses ......... ................................ 484 Interference with mobilization of phagocytes ....... ......................... 485 Prevention of contact with phagocytes ......... ............................. 485 Interference with ingestion by phagocytes ................................... 485 Prevention of intracellular digestion by phagocytes ...... .................... 486 Interference with the immune response ........ ............................. 487 Viruses ..................................................................... 487 Interference with humoral defenses .......... ............................... 487 Interference with cellular defenses.......................................... 487 Interference with the immune response ........ ............................. 488 Fungi....................................................................... 488 Protozoa.................................................................... 488 SURFACE COMPONENTS OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HOST DAMAGE ......................................................... 489 Bacteria .................................................................... 489 Viruses .................................................................. 490 Fungi....................................................................... 491 Protozoa ............................................................ 491 SURFACE COMPONENTS OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HOST AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY ......... ............................. 491 Bacteria .................................................................... 492 Viruses ..................................................................... 492 Adsorption and penetration................................................. 492 Uncoating ................................................................. 493 Assembly .................................................................. 493 Release ................................................................... 493 Fungi and Protozoa.......................................................... 494 CONCLUSIONS............................................................... 494 LITERATURE CITED......................................................... 494