Генетическое разнообразие донорной и интродуцированной популяций кеты Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) из рек Яма и Кулькуты (северное побережье Охотского моря)

L. T. Bachevskaya, V. V. Pereverzeva, A. A. Primak
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Abstract

The nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA cytb and COI genes of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) from the rivers of the Sea of Okhotsk northern coast (Yama - donor, Kulkuty - artificially created population) have been determined. Polymorphism of the studied molecular markers has been noted. Unique haplotypes occurring only in one of the studied populations were found. The genetic distance calculated between the Yama and Kulkuty chum salmon populations indicates the absence of statistically significant differences between them. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity in a sample from an artificially created population tends to increase comparing to indicators characterizing the donor population. This may be associated with the formation peculiarities of the Kulkuty chum salmon genetic structure. Besides, the influence of the straying, amounted to 4 %, cannot be excluded. Apparently, haplotypes introduced as a result of inter-population exchange are successfully maintained through artificial reproduction. This has caused some change in the gene pool of the artificial population compared to the donor one.
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来自坑和库尔库特河(北岸)的Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum)基因多样性
测定了鄂霍次克海北部沿岸河流(Yama -供体,Kulkuty -人工繁殖种群)鲑Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) mtDNA cytb和COI基因的核苷酸序列。所研究的分子标记具有多态性。独特的单倍型只出现在一个研究群体中。在Yama和Kulkuty鲑鱼种群之间计算的遗传距离表明它们之间没有统计学上的显著差异。然而,与表征供体种群特征的指标相比,来自人工创造种群的样本的遗传多样性倾向于增加。这可能与库尔库蒂鲑鱼遗传结构的形成特性有关。此外,不能排除流浪的影响,占4%。显然,由于种群间交换而引入的单倍型通过人工繁殖得以成功维持。这导致人工种群的基因库与供体种群相比发生了一些变化。
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