Extractos vegetales para el control de Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani, una alternativa sostenible para la agricultura

Abstract

Agriculture currently requires alternatives to the use of pesticides to control plant pathogens, such as plant extracts that can help minimize losses from plant pathogens, without causing harm to human health. In this work, the effect of plant extracts on Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated in vitro. The methanolic extracts (EM) of: Moringa oleifera (Moringa, leaves), Persea americana (Avocado), Equisetum hymale (Horsetail), Larrea tridentata (Governor), Gnaphalium semiamplexicaule (Gordolobo), Peumus boldus (Boldo), Brickellia squarrosa (Prodigiosa), Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Physalis coztomatl (Costomate), were obtained using a Soxhlet kit at a concentration of 10% (w/V). Using the statistical software MInitab 16® México, an analysis of variance (ANDEVA) and comparison of Tukey means (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. The percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth was determined separately. The ME of Larrea tridentata (Gobernadora) 100% inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani for up to 144 h, and of F. oxysporum for up to 240 h. The ME of Brickellia squarrosa (Prodigiosa) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) also inhibited mycelial growth. These extracts represent an excellent alternative to the conventional control and management of plant pathogens.