Internal legal acts in the Polish constitutional system

Magda Tyszkiewicz
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Abstract

The author analyses art. 93.1 of the Constitution of Republic of Poland stating that “Resolutions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Prime Minister and ministers shall be an internal character and shall bind only those organizational units subordinate to the organ which issues such act”. These internal acts are different from the “sources of universally binding law of the Republic of Poland” which includes: the Constitution, statutes, ratified international agreements, and regulations (art. 87.1 of the Constitution). This dichotomy is generally clear and has a special meaning for protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms in the democratic state of law. However constitutional practice during 25 years reveled existence of the acts which do not belong to one of those two categories. It may open the way de lege fundamentali ferenda to create a new group of legal acts. It is important because some acts of internal character have influenced the situation of the citizens and it should be recognized in the constitutional system.
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波兰宪法体系中的内部法律行为
作者分析艺术。《波兰共和国宪法》第93.1条规定:“部长会议的决议以及总理和部长的命令应具有内部性质,只对发布这种命令的机关下属的组织单位具有约束力”。这些内部行为不同于“波兰共和国具有普遍约束力的法律渊源”,后者包括:宪法、法规、批准的国际协定和条例(第2条)。宪法第87.1条)。这种二分法总体上是明确的,对民主法治国家保护公民的权利和自由具有特殊意义。然而,25年来的宪法实践表明,存在不属于这两类行为之一的行为。它可能会打开法律上的基本原则,创造一组新的法律行为。它之所以重要,是因为一些内部性质的行为影响了公民的处境,它应该在宪法制度中得到承认。
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