Model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for organizing the actions of fire departments

Egor Vladimirovich Stepanov, Min Khoang Kha Chan, S. Butuzov, V. V. Terebnev, D. Tarakanov
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Abstract

Introduction. Extinguishing fires in buildings causes the need for firefighters to carry out actions in conditions of limited visibility and unsuitable for breathing environment. To ensure fire safety of buildings of increased complexity and basements of complex layout, it is necessary to equip fire protection units with breathing apparatus with extended protective action time. The decision on equipment is made by the head of the territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia. However, at the moment there are no methods and criteria for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings in terms of the actions of fire departments. Accordingly, the person making the decision on equipment is based only on experience in extinguishing similar fires. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a model for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings to support decision-making in extinguishing fires. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for firefighters in an inhospitable environment. Methods. In the course of this study, a graph model was used to formalize the description of the degree of complexity of the building. The complexity assessment was carried out according to four parameters relative to the average value obtained for all the studied objects. Simulation modeling was used to assess the reliability of the research results. Results and its discussion. A model and methodology for determining the spatial degree of complexity of the task for the actions of fire departments have been developed, which allow determining the relative complexity index. The comparison of the results of the assessment of the degree of complexity of buildings with the time of the survey by gas and smoke protectors obtained as a result of the simulation modeling was carried out. Conclusions. The application of the results of the study will allow the decision-maker to determine the degree of complexity of buildings, which is necessary when choosing breathing apparatus with an extended protective action time and when predicting the likelihood of large (from the point of view of extinguishing tactics) fires. Keywords: degree of complexity of the building, fire protection units, large fires, graph model, assessment methodology.
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评估建筑物复杂程度的模型和方法,以组织消防部门的行动
介绍。扑灭建筑物中的火灾需要消防员在能见度有限和不适合呼吸的环境中执行行动。为保证复杂性增加的建筑物和布局复杂的地下室的消防安全,有必要为消防单位配备防护作用时间延长的呼吸器。装备的决定是由俄罗斯EMERCOM地区机构的负责人做出的。然而,目前还没有方法和标准来评估消防部门行动中建筑物的复杂程度。因此,对设备做出决定的人仅仅是基于扑灭类似火灾的经验。目标和目的。该研究的目的是开发一个模型来评估建筑物的复杂程度,以支持灭火决策。为了实现这一目标,有必要开发一种模型和方法来评估消防员在恶劣环境中建筑物的复杂程度。方法。在本研究过程中,使用图形模型来形式化描述建筑的复杂程度。根据四个参数相对于所有研究对象的平均值进行复杂性评估。采用仿真建模对研究结果的可靠性进行评估。结果及其讨论。确定消防部门行动任务的空间复杂程度的模型和方法已经开发出来,它允许确定相对复杂性指数。将模拟建模得到的建筑物复杂程度评估结果与燃气和烟雾保护器的调查时间进行了比较。结论。研究结果的应用将使决策者能够确定建筑物的复杂程度,这在选择具有延长保护作用时间的呼吸器和预测大型(从灭火战术的角度来看)火灾的可能性时是必要的。关键词:建筑复杂程度,消防单位,大型火灾,图形模型,评估方法
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