Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Flood Monitoring and Damage Assessment: A Case Study of Naogaon District, Bangladesh

Abstract

Recording of hydrological parameters of a flood with conventional means often fails due to an extreme event especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Flood water causes a lot of property damage almost every year and it demands to be controlled for economic growth by water management. The objective of the study is to analyze the damages according to different land uses like urban area (Built-up) or agricultural lands, flood height and thus the percentages of loss in different land use in various corresponding year. Naogaon District has been chosen as the study area for this analysis. Remote Sensing data has been used in this context as remote sensing technology along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a key tool for flood monitoring in recent years. Satellite images which have been collected from Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper for the year 2004, 2007 and 2012 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images for the year 2017. In each year images of different times (March and September) of Naogaon district have been analyzed with Geographical Information System (GIS) and ERDAS Imagine software. The analysis demonstrate the variation of land use changes in before and after flood occurrence month from 2004 to 2017 depends on this change. The analysis also describe the relation of the flood in that four observation years as well as the percentages of loss association with the flood spread, flood height, and land uses. The study helps to find out the losses and related relations of flood and thus the importance of water management. The study demonstrates an encouragement to further flood water management studies.