Investigating the Effects of ESS Technologies on High Wind-Penetration Power Grids Considering Reliability Indices

Abstract

Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a vital role in dealing with uncertainties originated from the intermittent power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) leading to improvement of flexibility and reliability of power systems. Needless to say, a key factor is selecting the best technology of ESSs which yields to maximum leverage of ESSs presence in power systems. On this basis, in this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) direct-optimization model is proposed to effectively mitigate the impacts of insufficient transmission lines capacities by installation of different ESS technologies using a DC optimal power flow model. Firstly, a precise model for the technical constraints and operational cost of each type of ESSs is developed. Further, the impacts of different ESS technologies on power system total cost and power system reliability are investigated in order to find the best option under the given system circumstances. The proposed model is applied to the modified RTS 24-bus test system with high wind power generation. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the wind power increment based on real historical RESs uncertainties. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of different ESS technologies to overcome the mentioned challenges and justify that battery energy storage system (BESS) is the best fit in our case studies.