[The effect of biocides on the microflora of soils and their degradation. I. The selection of suitable biocides and ways of selective influences in soil-microorganisms (author's transl)].

G Höflich
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Abstract

The influence of 544 biocides on soil-microflora was investigated by a special plate-test and by a soil-test. Fungi were particularly sensitive to active substances. They were more inhibited by a greater number of substances, by lower concentrations and by a larger time-interval than bacteria. A differentiated sensitivity of fungi becomes apparent. The pseudomonads, a species of Agrobacter (AIA), flavobacteria and some coryneforme bacteria were relatively resistant. Actinomyces responded similar to fungi. The plate-test is suitable as preliminary test for the selection of substances retarding the degradation of straw. These organisms already favoured by treatments with active substance locate in higher quantities in such soils where the biological balance was disturbed in after the injection. Therefore, the effect of the active substance exceeds that of the injection. The displacement-effect by bacteria resistant to active substances and little active against cellulose plays a minor role in opposite to bacteria active against cellulose, because bacteria don't develop any homogeneous protective coat. A priority effect is therefore excluded.

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杀菌剂对土壤微生物区系的影响及其降解。1 .合适杀菌剂的选择及对土壤微生物的选择性影响方法[作者译]。
采用平板试验和土壤试验,研究了544种杀菌剂对土壤微生物区系的影响。真菌对活性物质特别敏感。与细菌相比,它们更容易被更多的物质、更低的浓度和更长的时间间隔所抑制。真菌的不同敏感性变得明显。假单胞菌、一种农杆菌(AIA)、黄杆菌和一些棒状菌具有相对抗性。放线菌的反应与真菌相似。平板试验适合作为秸秆缓降解物质选择的初步试验。这些生物已经受到活性物质处理的青睐,在注射后生物平衡被扰乱的土壤中数量较多。因此,活性物质的作用超过了注射剂的作用。对活性物质有抗性且对纤维素活性不强的细菌的驱替作用与对纤维素活性的细菌相比作用较小,因为细菌没有形成均匀的保护层。因此排除了优先级效应。
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