The Legendre-Hardy inequality on bounded domains

Jaeyoung Byeon, Sangdon Jin
{"title":"The Legendre-Hardy inequality on bounded domains","authors":"Jaeyoung Byeon, Sangdon Jin","doi":"10.1090/btran/75","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>There have been numerous studies on Hardy’s inequality on a bounded domain, which holds for functions vanishing on the boundary. On the other hand, the classical Legendre differential equation defined in an interval can be regarded as a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality with subcritical weight functions. In this paper we study a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality on a bounded <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper C squared\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\n <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">C^2</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>-domain in <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper R Superscript n\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">R</mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>n</mml:mi>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\mathbb {R}^n</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> of the following form <disp-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts d Superscript beta Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue nabla u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue squared d x greater-than-or-equal-to upper C left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts StartFraction StartAbsoluteValue u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue squared Over d Superscript alpha Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndFraction d x with integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts StartFraction u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis Over d Superscript alpha Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndFraction d x equals 0 comma\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω<!-- Ω --></mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∇<!-- ∇ --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω<!-- Ω --></mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mfrac>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\n </mml:msup>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:mfrac>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mspace width=\"1em\" />\n <mml:mtext> with </mml:mtext>\n <mml:mspace width=\"1em\" />\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω<!-- Ω --></mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mfrac>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:msup>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:mfrac>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\n <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\begin{equation*} \\int _\\Omega d^{\\beta }(x) |\\nabla u(x) |^2 dx \\ge C(\\alpha ,\\beta ) \\int _\\Omega \\frac {|u(x)|^2}{d^{\\alpha }(x)} dx \\quad \\text { with }\\quad \\int _\\Omega \\frac {u(x)}{d^{\\alpha }(x)} dx=0, \\end{equation*}</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</disp-formula>\n where <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"d left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">d(x)</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> is the distance from <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"x element-of normal upper Omega\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω<!-- Ω --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">x \\in \\Omega</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> to the boundary <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"partial-differential normal upper Omega\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∂<!-- ∂ --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω<!-- Ω --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\partial \\Omega</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"alpha comma beta element-of double-struck upper R\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">R</mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\alpha ,\\beta \\in \\mathbb {R}</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>. We classify all <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper R squared\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:msup>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">R</mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\n </mml:msup>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">(\\alpha ,\\beta ) \\in \\mathbb {R}^2</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> for which <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper C left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis greater-than 0\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>></mml:mo>\n <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">C(\\alpha ,\\beta ) > 0</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>. Then, we study whether an optimal constant <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper C left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>β<!-- β --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">C(\\alpha ,\\beta )</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> is attained or not. Our study on <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper C left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>α<!-- α --></mml","PeriodicalId":377306,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Series B","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Series B","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1090/btran/75","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

There have been numerous studies on Hardy’s inequality on a bounded domain, which holds for functions vanishing on the boundary. On the other hand, the classical Legendre differential equation defined in an interval can be regarded as a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality with subcritical weight functions. In this paper we study a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality on a bounded C 2 C^2 -domain in R n \mathbb {R}^n of the following form Ω d β ( x ) | u ( x ) | 2 d x C ( α , β ) Ω | u ( x ) | 2 d α ( x ) d x  with  Ω u ( x ) d α ( x ) d x = 0 , \begin{equation*} \int _\Omega d^{\beta }(x) |\nabla u(x) |^2 dx \ge C(\alpha ,\beta ) \int _\Omega \frac {|u(x)|^2}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx \quad \text { with }\quad \int _\Omega \frac {u(x)}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx=0, \end{equation*} where d ( x ) d(x) is the distance from x Ω x \in \Omega to the boundary Ω \partial \Omega and α , β R \alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {R} . We classify all ( α , β ) R 2 (\alpha ,\beta ) \in \mathbb {R}^2 for which C ( α , β ) > 0 C(\alpha ,\beta ) > 0 . Then, we study whether an optimal constant C ( α , β ) C(\alpha ,\beta ) is attained or not. Our study on C ( α

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有界域上的legende - hardy不等式
Hardy在有界域上的不等式已经得到了大量的研究,该不等式适用于在边界上消失的函数。另一方面,定义在区间内的经典Legendre微分方程可以看作是具有次临界权函数的Hardy不等式的诺伊曼版本。本文研究了R n \mathbb中有界C 2 C²定义域上Hardy不等式的一个诺伊曼版本,其形式为∫Ω d β (x) |∇u (x) | 2d x≥C (α,β)∫Ω | u (x) | 2d α (x) dx with∫Ω u (x)d α (x) d x = 0, {}\begin{equation*} \int _\Omega d^{\beta }(x) |\nabla u(x) |^2 dx \ge C(\alpha ,\beta ) \int _\Omega \frac {|u(x)|^2}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx \quad \text { with }\quad \int _\Omega \frac {u(x)}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx=0, \end{equation*}其中d(x) d(x)是x∈Ω x \in\Omega到边界∂Ω \partial\Omega和α, β∈R \alpha的距离,\beta\in\mathbb我们对C(α, β) > 0 C({}\alpha, \beta) > 0的所有(α, β)∈r2 (\alpha, \beta) {}\in\mathbb R^2进行分类。然后,我们研究了是否获得最优常数C(α, β) C(\alpha, \beta)。我们对C (α
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