An Improved PSO for Design Optimizations of a Multiband Rectenna for Miniature Energy Harvester

Abstract

The environmental electromagnetic field consists of different frequency components with very low energy densities. In this regard, an ideal miniature energy harvester should be a multi-resonance frequency, wide-frequency band, generally called multiband, high- gain one in order to collect enough electromagnetic energy from environmental electromagnetic fields. In this point of view, a microstrip multiband rectenna is proposed for miniature energy harvesters. Since the tuning of the physical parameters of the proposed rectenna is not an easy task considering the requirements on a multiband and a high gain, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is proposed. The numerical results have demonstrated that the optimized rectenna obtains high gains in multi-resonance frequency band.