Chemomicrobiomic analysis of glucosamine sulfate, prebiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Abstract

Introduction. The pharmaceutical drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) differ not only in the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action but also in the effects on the human microbiome.Purpose. Evaluation of the influence of some drugs used in the therapy of OA on the human microbiome by the method of chemoinformation analysis.Materials and methods. Сomparative chemomicrobiome analysis of glucosamine sulfate (GS), diclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and three prebiotics (lactose, lactulose, fructose) as molecules of comparison. For each substance, estimates of the area under the curve (AUC) were obtained for a representative sampling of human microbiota (38 commensal bacteria). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were established for more than 120 pathogenic bacteria.Results. On average, according to a representative sampling of microbiota, the profile of the action of GS on the microbiome was almost identical to the profile of the action of lactose (AUC=0.23±0.18). The most effective growth of the microbiome was provided by fructose and lactulose (AUC=0.58±0.21). The effects of diclofenac and ASA on the commensals of microbiome were comparable to the effects of GS (AUC=0.27±0.22). However, the analysis of the obtained MIC values for pathogenic bacteria showed that diclofenac supported the growth of the pathogenic flora (MIC=35±1.4 μg/ml) to a greater extent than GS (MIC=16±1.5 μg/ml) and ASA (MIC=23±2.2 μg/ml).Conclusion. The effects of GS on the microbiome are comparable to the effects of the prebiotic lactose whereas the inhibitory effect of GS and ASA on pathogenic bacteria is more pronounced than that of diclofenac. The inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by the GS helps to reduce inflammation.