Macroeconomic Imbalances in the United States and Their Impact on the International Financial System

Abstract

The argument put forward in this paper is twofold. First, the financial crisis of 2007-08 was made global by the current account deficit in the United States; and second, there is global dependence on the United States trade deficit as a means of maintaining liquidity in financial markets. The outflow of dollars from the United States was invested in U.S. capital markets, causing inflation in asset markets and leading to a bubble and bust in the subprime mortgage sector. Since the U.S. dollar is the international reserve currency, international debt is mostly denominated in dollars. Because there is a high degree of global financial integration, any reduction in the U.S. balance of trade will have negative effects on many countries throughout the world--for example, those countries dependent on exporting to the United States in order to finance their debt.