Inside Victims, Outside Offenders: A Case Study on Crime Reporting

M. Füstös
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Abstract

In political and media rhetoric throughout Europe, migrants and refugees are often linked to crime; especially to gender-based crimes. This paper, focusing on Hungary, examines whether media discourses perpetuate this image and to what extent do other attributes of offenders (such as ethnicity and class) influence the way the media represent those involved in rape cases. The 720 articles sampled for this study were analysed using qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis, with Lindgren and Lundström’s model on inside victims/offenders and outside victims/offenders and Nils Christie’s theory on ideal victims being applied to the findings. Results show that the media in Hungary is more likely to grant victim status to those who are insiders (Hungarian, white, middle class) when their offenders are outsiders (migrant, Roma, lower class), while socially marginalised offenders are automatically externalised. The paper also shows that marginalised people are externalised collectively, while insiders are externalised individually. The application of Christie’s theory further strengthens the relational hypothesis that the ideal (or outsider) offender makes the ideal victim.
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内部受害者,外部罪犯:犯罪报告案例研究
在整个欧洲的政治和媒体言论中,移民和难民往往与犯罪联系在一起;尤其是针对性别犯罪。本文以匈牙利为研究对象,考察了媒体话语是否延续了这一形象,以及罪犯的其他属性(如种族和阶级)在多大程度上影响了媒体对强奸案参与者的报道方式。本研究取样的720篇文章采用定性内容分析和批判话语分析进行分析,Lindgren和Lundström关于内部受害者/罪犯和外部受害者/罪犯的模型以及Nils Christie关于理想受害者的理论被应用于研究结果。结果表明,匈牙利的媒体更有可能将受害者身份赋予内部人(匈牙利人、白人、中产阶级),而犯罪者是局外人(移民、罗姆人、下层阶级),而社会边缘化的犯罪者则自动被外部化。本文还表明,边缘化人群是集体外部化的,而局内人是个体外部化的。克里斯蒂理论的运用进一步强化了理想(或局外人)罪犯构成理想受害者的关系假设。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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