Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections in Chronic Liver Disorder

M. Riaz, Henna Khalid, N. Kiran
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Abstract

Background and aim: Hepatitis is a liver infection caused by a variety of viruses and is a major public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B and C are common liver infections caused by HBV and HCV that spread through sexual contact, contaminated blood product and contaminated needles. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in chronic liver disorders. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 136 chronic liver disease patients in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from August 2021 to January 2022. Patients above 18 years age and clinically diagnosed with chronic liver disorder were enrolled. Chronic liver disorders were diagnosed based on clinical history, impaired liver function tests, and ultrasound. A questionnaire was used to accumulate possible related factors with virus infections from patients. Qualitative immunochromatographic method was used for screening out the serum for the presence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 136 chronic liver disorders, there were 88 (64.5%) male and 48 (35.5%) females. The overall mean age was 42.6±6.82 years with an age range from 15 to 75 years. Of the 136 CLD, the single, married, divorced, and widow were 34 (25%), 80 (58.8%), 12 (8.8%), and 10 (7.4%) respectively. The urban and rural dwellers were 98 (72.1%) and 38 (27.9%) respectively. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody was 52 (38.2%) and 34 (25%) respectively. The incidence of dual HBV and HCV coinfection was 6 (4.4%). Conclusion: The present study found that the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections were 38.2% and 25% among chronic liver disorders. HCV infections were 2.95 times higher in health facilities where dental extractions were provided compared to those who had no dental extraction facilities. All the CLD clinically diagnosed should be tested for HBV and HCV infections. Sterilization of surgical and dental instruments in proper way must be done along with public education regarding infections and transmission modes to prevent infections spreading. Keywords: HBV, HCV, Chronic liver disorders
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慢性肝病患者乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的患病率
背景与目的:肝炎是一种由多种病毒引起的肝脏感染,是世界范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题。乙型和丙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒引起的常见肝脏感染,通过性接触、受污染的血液制品和受污染的针头传播。本研究旨在确定乙型和丙型肝炎在慢性肝脏疾病中的患病率。材料和方法:这项前瞻性研究于2021年8月至2022年1月在阿伯塔巴德Ayub教学医院消化病学和肝病科对136名慢性肝病患者进行了研究。患者年龄在18岁以上,临床诊断为慢性肝病。根据临床病史、肝功能检查和超声诊断慢性肝病。采用问卷调查的方法收集可能与患者感染病毒相关的因素。采用定性免疫层析法筛选血清中是否存在抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体和乙型肝炎表面抗原。使用SPSS version 26进行数据分析。结果:136例慢性肝病患者中,男性88例(64.5%),女性48例(35.5%)。年龄15 ~ 75岁,平均年龄42.6±6.82岁。其中,单身34人(25%),已婚80人(58.8%),离婚12人(8.8%),丧偶10人(7.4%)。城镇居民98人(72.1%),农村居民38人(27.9%)。乙型肝炎表面抗原和抗hcv抗体阳性率分别为52例(38.2%)和34例(25%)。HBV和HCV双重感染发生率为6例(4.4%)。结论:本研究发现慢性肝病患者中HBV和HCV感染率分别为38.2%和25%。在提供拔牙的卫生机构中,丙型肝炎病毒感染率比没有拔牙设施的卫生机构高2.95倍。所有临床诊断的CLD都应进行HBV和HCV感染检测。必须以适当的方式对外科和牙科器械进行消毒,同时对公众进行有关感染和传播方式的教育,以防止感染蔓延。关键词:HBV, HCV,慢性肝脏疾病
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