Strategies for efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and is therefore largely applied in agricultural systems through fertilization. However, nitrification leads to nitrate leaching and the production of gaseous nitrous oxide, which can result in a loss of up to 50% of nitrogen availability to the plant. There are different strategies to prevent nitrification, such as the use of synthetic nitrification inhibitors (SNI), biological nitrification inhibitors (BNI), controlled slow-release fertilizers and keeping plants in continuous growth to assimilate nitrogen. However, when making a decision on which methodology to use to manage fertilization, the advantages and disadvantages of each must be known in order to achieve efficient nitrogen use (NUE). This mini-review will show some strategies used in agriculture.