Assessment of Oral Hygiene Practices Among Antenatal Mothers

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a natural process. Physiological changes which occur during pregnancy increase the risk of developing oral diseases and potentially result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. So, it is important to maintain oral hygiene, especially during the antenatal period. Objective: To assess the oral hygiene practices among antenatal mothers. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD, PGIMER Chandigarh, where 200 antenatal mothers visiting Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD, PGIMER from October to December 2020 were enrolled using purposive sampling technique. Ethical clearance was obtained from Ethics Committee, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and written consent was taken from participants. Data were collected by interviewing participants as per interview schedule comprising (a) personal profile of antenatal mothers, (b) obstetric profile, and (c) oral hygiene practices and perception. Oral hygiene status was observed by assessment sheet (a) checklist comprising dental markers and (b) plaque index tool for assessing oral hygiene of antenatal mothers. Results: The findings of the study revealed that majority of mothers (86%) had correct perception that poor oral hygiene negatively affects the child and 58% believed that brushing does not cause loosening of teeth. When practices were assessed, it was found that 74.5% mothers brushed once only, 99.5% did not floss and 98.5% did not use mouthwash. Although the perception held by mothers was correct, they did not have good oral hygiene practices. When oral hygiene was assessed, it was found that 84.5% mothers had poor oral hygiene because of various dental problems like gum bleeding, caries, gingivitis, etc., whereas only 3% mothers had good oral hygiene. Conclusion: The study concluded that a majority of antenatal mothers had correct perception about oral hygiene, but they did not put it into practice. Many of them had poor oral hygiene. Hence, there is an urgent need for comprehensive educational program to promote good oral health and impart education about correct oral hygiene practices, as oral hygiene is a neglected aspect in pregnancy.