Poetics and Textual Analysis of Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent in the Studies of Russian Authors of the 1920s-1940s

O. Bogdanova
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Abstract

In the 1920s–1940s poetics became the main aspect of the study of The Adolescent both in the USSR and in Russian emigration. Of particular importance is the work on the handwritten corpus of the novel. The review examines the publications of the surviving manuscripts and the main studies devoted to their analysis. The stages of poetics studies and textual criticism on The Adolescent are traced in chronological order. The review consists of three sections: studies on the poetics and textual studies of The Adolescent in 1920s USSR (L.P. Grossman, N.P. Antsiferov, R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik, V.L. Komarovich, M.G. Davidovich, B.M. Engelgardt, S.A. Askoldov, S.N. Durylin, M.M. Bakhtin); Russian emigration about the poetics of The Adolescent in 1920s-1940s (I.I. Lapshin, R.V. Pletnev, A.L. Bem, P.M. Bicilli, K.V. Mochulsky); studies on the poetics of The Adolescent in 1930s-1940s USSR (G.I. Chulkov, A.S. Dolinin). The main issues that occupied Soviet and emigrant scholars of the 1920s and 1940s are highlighted: the ideological and artistic continuity of the novels The Devils, The Adolescent, and The Brothers Karamazov as the development of the idea of the plan for The Life of a Great Sinner; Dostoevsky’s creative method in the novel The Adolescent; the creative history and type of the novel; plot-compositional features and narrative strategies; motives and symbols; typology and characterology of heroes, including reminiscences from Griboedov and Pushkin, artistic polemics with L.N. Tolstoy and “duality”; prototypes of characters; speech style. The chapter on the novel in the book Dostoevsky. Life and Works by the emigrant scholar K.V. Mochulsky (1947) is recognized as the pinnacle of the study of The Adolescent in the first half of the 20th century, as it absorbed practically the entire research discourse on both sides of the USSR border and gave a complete picture of its problems and poetics. At the same time, the book is free from the traces of ideological coercion that Soviet scholars experienced in the 1930s and 1940s.
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20世纪20 - 40年代俄国作家研究中陀思妥耶夫斯基小说《少年》的诗学与文本分析
20世纪20年代至40年代,诗学成为苏联和俄罗斯移民时期《少年》研究的主要方面。特别重要的是对这部小说的手写语料库的研究。这篇评论审查了现存手稿的出版物以及对它们进行分析的主要研究。按时间顺序追溯了《少年》的诗学研究和考据阶段。全文分为三个部分:《20世纪20年代苏联的青少年》(L.P. Grossman、N.P. Antsiferov、R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik、V.L. Komarovich、M.G. Davidovich、B.M. Engelgardt、S.A. Askoldov、S.N. Durylin、M.M.巴赫金)的诗学与文本研究;俄国移民对1920 -1940年代《少年》诗学的影响(I.I. Lapshin, R.V. Pletnev, A.L. Bem, m .)比奇利(K.V. Mochulsky);20世纪30 - 40年代苏联《少年》诗学研究(G.I.丘尔科夫、A.S.多利宁)。强调了20世纪20年代和40年代苏联和移民学者所关注的主要问题:小说《魔鬼》、《少年》和《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》在思想上和艺术上的连续性,作为《大罪人的一生》计划思想的发展;陀思妥耶夫斯基在小说《青春期》中的创作方法小说的创作历程与类型;情节构成特点与叙事策略;动机和象征;英雄的类型和特征,包括格里勃多夫和普希金的回忆,与托尔斯泰的艺术论战和“二元性”;角色原型;演讲风格。陀思妥耶夫斯基书中关于小说的那一章。移民学者莫丘尔斯基(K.V. Mochulsky, 1947)的《生活与作品》(Life and Works)被认为是20世纪上半叶《青少年》研究的巅峰之作,因为它几乎吸收了苏联边境两侧的全部研究话语,并对其问题和诗学进行了全面的描绘。与此同时,这本书没有苏联学者在20世纪30年代和40年代经历的意识形态胁迫的痕迹。
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