High Awareness Adaptive Beaconing Based on Fuzzy Logic in VANET

Abstract

A beacon in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a periodic message that contains status information of a vehicle such as id, velocity, location and other information that is needed by routing protocols and safety as well as non-safety applications. Generating beacons at high rate is desirable as it can potentially increase the freshness of the exchanged information (neighborhood awareness). However, this causes network congestion and high resources consumption. On the other hand, generating few beacons saves bandwidth and reduces congestion, but leads to outdated information. Thus, adaptive schemes that adjust the beacon transmission rates based on different situations are required. In this paper, we propose a high awareness adaptive beaconing (HAAB) scheme that is based on fuzzy logic. This scheme uses signal to interference-noise ratio (SINR), number of neighboring nodes and mobility factors as inputs to a fuzzy logic system. The scheme employs the fuzzy logic system to determine the congestion rank and uses it to adapt the beacon transmission frequency. Simulations using NS-3 have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of our proposed protocol. HAAB is shown to have the highest neighborhood awareness compared to other protocols in both highway and urban environments.