String-like theory as solution to the sign problem of a finite density gauge theory

Abstract

Z3 gauge theory with dynamical (bosonic) matter is studied in 4 dimensions with a finite chemical potential. This theory could be viewed as an effective theory describing the centre vortex picture of QCD colour confinement, but it is studied here with local interactions as theory in its own right. It is shown that the sign-problem can be solved by dualisation. The dual theory is derived: the pure gauge sector is a theory of closed membranes with Nambu-Goto action, and matter is described by open branes bounded by closed matter loops. The brane theory is simulated with Monte-Carlo techniques. Some evidence is found that the theory possesses a weakly-renormalisable phase with the scale set by a mass gap. Deconfinement at low temperatures and finite chemical potentials appears as a percolation transition for matter loops.