Racial Inequality in Medicine: How Did We Get Here?

Abstract

2020 was undoubtedly a momentous year for medicine. From a global pandemic, to novel methods of treatment, to the development of a groundbreaking vaccine, science and healthcare have been front and center in public discourse. But with the rise of protests for racial justice in America another problem in the healthcare system was laid bare: the lack of racial diversity in American medical schools and the medical profession. According to JAMA, African Americans represent about 5% of all practicing physicians today, despite making up 13% of the population.1 Why have African Americans been so underrepresented in medicine over the last century? A transformative period of American medical education in the early 1900s changed the demographic landscape of medicine for years to come. Despite recognition of this disparity and efforts to promote diversity over the last century, there is still much work to be done to achieve equality in the medical profession.