Consider Zinc Deficiency in Infants with Periorificial Lesions

Abstract

Background: Zinc is an essential trace element required for proper bodily function. Its deficiency can lead to various manifestations, including dermatological issues. There are two forms of zinc deficiency: hereditary and acquired. Case Report: We present two cases. The first case involved a child with a family history of two brothers who passed away at the age of 1 year, exhibiting a similar symptomatology. The second case involved a patient with hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and malnutrition. Both cases presented with erosive erythematous lesions around the mouth and extremities, which were unresponsive to symptomatic treatments. Additionally, they experienced diarrhea. A definitive diagnosis was made by measuring the levels of zinc in their blood, which were found to be low. Treatment with oral zinc sulfate was prescribed. The first patient showed rapid improvement with the treatment, but experienced recurrence when it was discontinued and subsequently improved again upon reinstatement. Unfortunately, the second infant passed away due to complications from an infection. Conclusion: The presence of periorificial and extremity lesions in infants should raise suspicion of zinc deficiency. Measuring zinc levels in the blood can help confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment