In-vitro Antibacterial Potentials of Essential oil from Citrus limon against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Hassan Titilayo, Ajani Emmanuel Kolawole, Osho Friday Elijah, Munguti Jonathan, Adekanmbi Abimbola Olumide, Awoyemi Esther Ibukun
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Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) from medicinal plants like lemon (Citrus limon) are considered promising to replace synthetic antibiotics in aquaculture production due to their ability to improve fish health. The aim of the research was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial potentials of varying levels of lemon EO against Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Nile Tilapia. This research was conducted at the Microbiology unit., Kenyan Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya and Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria in December 2021. Extraction of EO from lemon peel was performed using steam hydro distillation. The quantitative and qualitative profiling of extracted oil was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antibacterial potential of lemon EO was tested against some pathogens using the agar well diffusion method while the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth dilution method. The most abundant chemical was D-Limonene (37.56%), 3-Carene (15.88%) and Terpinen-4-ol (93.4%). The lemon EO at 100% and 50% concentration respectively showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae (26.00mm and 28.33mm) and E. coli (33.00mm and 30.00 mm); while the least activity was observed against A. hydrophila (8.33mm and 6.67 mm) at P = .05. The MIC and MBC values revealed that 50% lemon EO inhibited bacterial growth for S. agalactiae whereas it was greater than 50% for S. aureus, E. coli and A. hydrophila. Lemon EO has potential antibacterial properties against tested pathogens that affect cultured fish and could be considered a good candidate for further research to develop new antibacterial drugs in aquaculture.
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柑橘柠檬精油对尼罗罗非鱼病原菌的体外抑菌活性研究
柠檬等药用植物的精油(EOs)被认为有希望取代水产养殖生产中的合成抗生素,因为它们能够改善鱼类健康。研究不同浓度柠檬EO对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用。这项研究是在微生物科进行的。2021年12月,肯尼亚蒙巴萨肯尼亚海洋和渔业研究所以及尼日利亚伊巴丹伊巴丹大学微生物系环境微生物学和生物技术实验室。采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬皮中提取EO。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取油进行定性和定量分析。采用琼脂孔扩散法测定柠檬EO对几种病原菌的抑菌潜力,用肉汤稀释法测定柠檬EO对几种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。其中含量最高的是d -柠檬烯(37.56%)、3-蒈烯(15.88%)和松油烯-4-醇(93.4%)。100%和50%浓度的柠檬EO对无乳链球菌(26.00mm和28.33mm)和大肠杆菌(33.00mm和30.00 mm)的抑菌活性最高;对嗜水单胞菌(8.33mm和6.67 mm)的活性最低(P = 0.05)。MIC和MBC值表明,50%柠檬EO对无乳链球菌的抑制作用大于50%,而对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和嗜水杆菌的抑制作用大于50%。柠檬EO对影响养殖鱼类的病原菌具有潜在的抗菌性能,可作为进一步研究开发新型水产养殖抗菌药物的良好候选者。
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