A review of some important viral diseases of wild boars

J. Nišavić, A. Radalj, N. Milic, A. Živulj, Damir Benković, A. Stanojković, Isidora Prošić
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Wild boars are one of the widest-ranging mammals worldwide and represent reservoirs for many important viruses. Disease outbreaks in domestic swine are often described as a consequence of contact with wild boars, and traditional rearing conditions are a particular risk factor. Examples of such diseases include classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), Aujeszky?s disease (AD), and diseases caused by porcine circoviruses and parvoviruses. Some viral infections causing high mortality rates are easily noticeable and thus reported, though many viruses infecting wildlife are insidious impacting survival rates and reproduction in wild animals. Samples from wild boars for laboratory testing are usually collected postmortem and include various tissues or blood sera. The recovery of viable viruses during virus isolation depends on the virus species and the condition of the sample. Since this method does not yield timely results, most diagnostic procedures are based on PCR or antigen detection methods. Serological surveys are inexpensive and appropriate for prevalence studies. When interpreting the results of diagnostic tests, both virus and host characteristics, and the epizootiological situation must be accounted for. Disease control techniques such as fencing or feeding wild boars cause animal aggregation and give rise to population density which favors pathogen maintenance in the environment. Hunting reduces the number of susceptible animals and is helpful as an additional control measure and for sampling. Available data on infectious disease dynamics in wild boars is scarce, and constant knowledge improvement on pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, risk factors, and adequate control measures are required.
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野猪几种重要病毒性疾病的研究进展
野猪是世界上分布最广的哺乳动物之一,是许多重要病毒的宿主。家猪的疾病暴发通常被描述为与野猪接触的结果,而传统的饲养条件是一个特别的风险因素。这类疾病的例子包括经典猪瘟(CSF)、非洲猪瘟(ASF)、奥杰斯基?猪瘟(AD),以及猪圆环病毒和细小病毒引起的疾病。一些造成高死亡率的病毒感染很容易引起注意,因此被报道,尽管许多感染野生动物的病毒是阴险的,影响野生动物的存活率和繁殖。用于实验室检测的野猪样本通常在死后采集,包括各种组织或血清。在病毒分离过程中活病毒的恢复取决于病毒种类和样品条件。由于这种方法不能及时得出结果,大多数诊断程序都是基于PCR或抗原检测方法。血清学调查费用低廉,适合于流行病学研究。在解释诊断检测结果时,必须考虑到病毒和宿主特征以及流行病学情况。疾病控制技术,如围栏或喂养野猪,会导致动物聚集,增加种群密度,有利于病原体在环境中维持。狩猎减少了易感动物的数量,并有助于作为一种额外的控制措施和抽样。关于野猪传染病动态的现有数据很少,需要不断提高对发病机制、临床症状、危险因素和适当控制措施的认识。
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