Exploring the First High-Entropy Thin Film Libraries: Composition Spread-Controlled Crystalline Structure

Abstract

Thin films of two types of high-entropy oxides (HEOs) have been deposited on 76.2 mm Si wafers using combinatorial sputter deposition. In one type of the oxides, (MgZnMnCoNi)O_x, all the metals have a stable divalent oxidation state and similar cationic radii. In the second type of oxides, (CrFeMnCoNi)O_x, the metals are more diverse in the atomic radius and valence state, and have good solubility in their sub-binary and ternary oxide systems. The resulting HEO thin films were characterized using several high-throughput analytical techniques. The microstructure, composition, and electrical conductivity obtained on defined grid maps were obtained for the first time across large compositional ranges. The crystalline structure of the films was observed as a function of the metallic elements in the composition spreads, that is, the Mn and Zn in (MgZnMnCoNi)O_x and Mn and Ni in (CrFeMnCoNi)O_x. The (MgZnMnCoNi)O_x sample was observed to form two-phase structures, except single spinel structure was found in (MgZnMnCoNi)O_x over a range of Mn > 12 at. % and Zn < 44 at. %, while (CrFeMnCoNi)O_x was always observed to form two-phase structures. Composition-controlled crystalline structure is not only experimentally demonstrated but also supported by density function theory calculation.