Medium frequency vehicular control and communication systems for underground mines

L. Stolarczyk, H. Dobroski
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental research sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Mines shows that medium frequency (MF) electromagnetic (EM) signals propagate great distances in an underground environment such as a tunnel or mine. This propagation is enhanced by different mechanisms associated with the geology, and with the existence of metallic conductors in the entryways. In stratified geologies, a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode of signal propagation is possible if a low conducting layer is bounded above and below by higher conducting layers. In general, the difference in conductivities must be at least several orders of magnitude. Such geological waveguide conditions often exist in underground mines. Propagation via the waveguide effect is known as the "seam mode" of propagation. Another mode of propagation, the "tunnel mode," exists in underground entries with electrical conductors such as power cables, metal pipes, and phone lines. A monofilar mode of propagation exists when signals are impressed upon conductors and return via the surrounding rock. A bifilar mode of propagation exists when all signals exist only on local conductors. In a given location there is a combination of monofilar and bifilar modes that make possible an interaction between the conductors and a transmitting device in a tunnel or entryway. Signals can be impressed on or received from local conductors via magnetic dipole antennas (loops) or line couplers.
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井下矿井中频车辆控制与通信系统
由美国矿业局赞助的理论和实验研究表明,中频电磁信号在隧道或矿井等地下环境中传播距离很远。这种传播通过与地质有关的不同机制以及入口通道中金属导体的存在而增强。在分层地质中,如果低导电层的上下被高导电层所包围,那么信号传播的横向电磁(TEM)模式是可能的。一般来说,电导率的差异必须至少有几个数量级。这种地质波导条件在地下矿山中经常存在。通过波导效应的传播被称为传播的“接缝模式”。另一种传播模式是“隧道模式”,存在于有电力电缆、金属管道和电话线等导体的地下入口中。当信号被压在导体上并通过围岩返回时,存在单膜传播模式。当所有的信号都只存在于局部导体上时,存在双线传播模式。在给定的位置,存在单丝和双线模式的组合,使得导体和隧道或入口通道中的发射装置之间的相互作用成为可能。信号可以通过磁偶极天线(环)或线耦合器在本地导体上施加或接收。
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