On the computational complexity of small descriptions

Abstract

For a set L that is polynomial time reducible to some sparse set, the authors investigate the computational complexity of such sparse sets relative to L. They construct sets A and B such that both of them are polynomial time reducible to some sparse set, but A (resp., B) is polynomial time reducible to no sparse set in P/sup A/ (resp., NP/sup B/ intersection co-NP/sup B/); that is, the complexity of sparse sets to which A (resp., B) is reducible is more than P/sup A/ (resp., NP/sup B/ intersection co-NP/sup B/). From these results and/or application of their proof technique the authors obtain: (1) lower bounds for the relative complexity of finding polynomial size circuits for some sets in P/poly, and (2) separations of the equivalence classes of sparse sets under various reducibilities.<>