Analysis of qualitative indicators of the operation of combine harvesters with various designs of threshing-separating devices

Abstract

The results of research on the qualitative performance of three types of combine harvesters with various designs of threshing-separating devices: the slashing type (Don-1500B), the slashing type with the accelerator (Tucano 480) and the rotor type (TORUM-740) are analyzed. The aim of the research is to reveal the best design of threshing-separating devices, which ensures the increase of combine productivity, quality of work, reduction of costs and crop losses. The urgency of the task under current market conditions is determined by the decrease in demand for Russian grain, which is sold abroad at the level of 4-5 class, and also by the need to reduce costs for the technological process and crop losses. During the research, theoretical and experimental methods were used, based on the application of the main provisions of the theory of agricultural machines and measurement methods, regulated by specific documentation. The results of theoretical studies on the determination of the dependence of the loss of the grain yield of winter wheat on the productivity of the combine harvester TORUM-740 per hour of the main time are presented. The cost of indirect losses of harvest (from macro- and micro damage to the grain of winter wheat of Olkhon type) is substantiated by various designs of threshing-separating devices. The results of laboratory studies of technological qualities of grain are presented: vitreousness, protein and raw gluten content after harvest ripening, as well as seed germination. The results of tests of combines on specific performance indicators, fuel consumption, energy intensity and grain cost are presented. It is concluded that from the self-propelled combine harvesters used in harvesting winter wheat of Olkhon type of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P. Lukyanenko the best operational and economic parameters and technological properties of the received grain were ensured by TORUM-740 combine.