{"title":"Emulation in Teams and Families","authors":"D. Léonard, Ngo van Long","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1369209","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We present a model where the probability distribution over the space of an agent's achievements depends not only on her ability and effort, but also on the goals set for her. The agent chooses her effort according to her utility net of perceived cost of effort. This cost is inversely proportional to an `emulation function' that depends on the training undertaken by rival agents. The principal also incurs costs in setting goals. In the first part of the paper we analyse the cases of coaches setting goals for rival athletes and that of a coach in charge of a team. We can sometimes rank the outcomes. In the second part of the paper we turn our attention to families where parents do not treat their children as perfect substitutes, as coaches did. We show that in many circumstances the emulation process reverses our naive intuition. There are now two distinct ways of prodding children to success: direct coaching, and emulation through sibling rivalry. Nous presentons un modele ou la distribution de la valeur du succes d'un agent depend non seulement de son aptitude et de son effort, mais aussi des objectifs qui lui sont fixes par le principal. L'agent choisit son effort en tenant compte de son utilite et du cout percu de l'effort. Ce cout est inversement proportionel a une 'fonction d'emulation' qui depend des objectifs fixes a ses rivaux. Dans une premiere partie, nous analysons les choix d'entraineurs d'athletes rivaux et celui de l'entraineur d'une equipe. Nous pouvons parfois ordonner leurs resultats. Une deuxieme partie analyse le cas des familles qui, contrairement aux entraineurs, ne considerent pas leurs enfants comme de parfaits substituts. Nous demontrons que souvent le processus d'emulation aboutit a des resultats contraires a une intuition naive. Il y a maintenant deux voies distinctes pour pousser les enfants vers le succes : une voie directe par la formation, et une voie indirecte s'appuyant sur la rivalite entre freres et soeurs.","PeriodicalId":142467,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Human Capital","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Labor: Human Capital","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1369209","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We present a model where the probability distribution over the space of an agent's achievements depends not only on her ability and effort, but also on the goals set for her. The agent chooses her effort according to her utility net of perceived cost of effort. This cost is inversely proportional to an `emulation function' that depends on the training undertaken by rival agents. The principal also incurs costs in setting goals. In the first part of the paper we analyse the cases of coaches setting goals for rival athletes and that of a coach in charge of a team. We can sometimes rank the outcomes. In the second part of the paper we turn our attention to families where parents do not treat their children as perfect substitutes, as coaches did. We show that in many circumstances the emulation process reverses our naive intuition. There are now two distinct ways of prodding children to success: direct coaching, and emulation through sibling rivalry. Nous presentons un modele ou la distribution de la valeur du succes d'un agent depend non seulement de son aptitude et de son effort, mais aussi des objectifs qui lui sont fixes par le principal. L'agent choisit son effort en tenant compte de son utilite et du cout percu de l'effort. Ce cout est inversement proportionel a une 'fonction d'emulation' qui depend des objectifs fixes a ses rivaux. Dans une premiere partie, nous analysons les choix d'entraineurs d'athletes rivaux et celui de l'entraineur d'une equipe. Nous pouvons parfois ordonner leurs resultats. Une deuxieme partie analyse le cas des familles qui, contrairement aux entraineurs, ne considerent pas leurs enfants comme de parfaits substituts. Nous demontrons que souvent le processus d'emulation aboutit a des resultats contraires a une intuition naive. Il y a maintenant deux voies distinctes pour pousser les enfants vers le succes : une voie directe par la formation, et une voie indirecte s'appuyant sur la rivalite entre freres et soeurs.