Metabolic risk factors and mammographic breast density among Egyptian postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the association of various metabolic risk factors with percent mammographic breast density (PMD), and to assess the advantage of screening mammogram in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postmenopausal diabetic women. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional study which included 90 postmenopausal women, who were divided into two groups: group I included 60 patients diagnosed with T2DM and group II included 30 controls. All participants were subjected to history taking, clinical assessment, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, Homeostatic Model Assessment 2-IR calculation, serum lipid profile, and screening mammogram (PMD). Results There was significant inverse associations between PMD and weight (P=0.006, 0.022, 0.010), BMI (P=0.003, 0.015, 0.001), and waist circumference (P=0.001, 0.019, 0.001) in cases, control, and total sample, respectively. After adjustment for weight in the total sample, the extremely dense group (breast imaging-reporting and data system D) was only associated with age of menarche (odds ratio, 0.404), while in cases group, breast imaging-reporting and data system D was only significantly associated with waist circumference (odds ratio, 0.756). Conclusions PMD levels were not increased in the presence of multiple metabolic risks, pointing to an alternative pathway explaining the increased risk of cancer breast in T2DM postmenopausal women.