In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Camelina Meal Comparison with Soybean Meal

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM) is commonly used in livestock nutrition as an attractive protein source of plant origin in the world, although its high price. In ruminants that costs don’t compete with the humans or monogastric animals have encouraged the search alternative protein sources to replace soybean meal (Haddad, 2006; Alves et al., 2016; Florou-Paneri et al., 2014). In the last decades, due to its high quality protein and the search for cheaper resources, the demand for camelina seeds has increased (Russo et al., 2017). Camelina sativa compared to soybean has low nutrient requirements, good resistance to diseases and pests (HalmemiesBeauchet-Filleau et al., 2018). Camelina meal (CM), the by-product of camelina oil extraction, is an alternative protein source for livestock despite its higher antinutritive factors compared to soybean meal (Sizmaz et al., 2016; Russo et al., 2017). Nevertheless, CM has been considered as acceptable (Waraich et al., 2013). CM in livestock diets contain glucosinolates, phytic acid, sinapine and condensed tannins. Especially glucosinolates are antinutritional factors; disrupts the thyroid activity and decreases the feed intake (Paula et al., 2019). Therefore, in 2002, European Union (EU) Directive forbid the usage of C. sativa in livestock rations due to the presence of glucosinolates. Yet, in 2008 EU Directive, after many studies, permits the feed use of C. sativa and its derivatives (Colombini et al., 2014). Because ruminants are more tolerant to glucosinolates compared to monogastric animals; is also a reason to put them back in the field (Vincent et al., 1988). We hypothesized that the camelina meal might be shown similar fermentation characteristics with soybean meal. Thus, the current study is conducted to investigate the in vitro rumen fermentation parameters including pH, ammonia-N level, volatile fatty acid concentration, estimated degradation and gas In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Camelina Meal Comparison with Soybean Meal