Relación entre deformidad y presión máxima plantar en antepié en pacientes con polineuropatía diabética.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a health problem worldwide. The appearance of ulcers in diabetic patients annually affects around 26 million people worldwide. Without proper care, these foot ulcers can lead to hospitalization, amputation and death. Objetive: Try to find out that mechanical and structural factors are related to high plantar pressure in the forefoot (HPPF) and increase the risk of plantar ulcers in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Find out which peak of plantar pressure is considered high and therefore risk factor for the development of plantar ulcer, using an in-shoe pressure system (BIOFOOT/IBV). Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consists of 70 patients (140 feet or units of analysis), with risk of plantar ulcer 1 and 2, without ischemia, of the risk classification of plantar ulcer development of the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Results: The results obtained specify that structural alteration of the foot is considered as a risk factor for the development of plantar ulcer. A plantar pressure is determined above which it is considered that patients with DNP could be at risk of ulceration. Conclusion: The observation of the feet of diabetic patients, especially those affected by DNP, and the use of insoles may be useful to prevent the appearance of plantar ulcers.