RELIABILITY OF SMART GRIDS WITH SMART ASSETS AND LARGE WIND FARMS

Abstract

Uncertainties and vulnerabilities exist with extensive integration of renewable energy resources and high dependence of the smart grid system on information communication technology. This paper proposes an innovative four-state smart component model based on Markovian differential time dependent state probabilities concept to capture smart components' intelligent operational behaviour in a smart grid system and to assess detailed reliability performance of the entire system. The proposed approach consists of the four-state smart model of smart component behaviour, stochastic variation of wind power generation outputs, random load variations and quantification of the impacts using Monte Carlo simulation. Also, the approach quantitatively evaluates the impacts of smart components failure in the presence of intermittent power generation of wind farms. The approach is demonstrated by case studies. The results suggest that the four-state smart components model capture the intelligent operational behaviour comprehensively. Findings justify that the intermittent integration of wind power outputs and geographical locations can potentially impact the smart grid system reliability considerably.