Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle in the Belgrade epizootiological area

Abstract

Q-fever is antropozoonosis which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, obligate intracellular pathogen. The most significant characteristics of this pathogen are resistance and stability in the environment, possibility of aerosol dissemination, and very low infective dose. C. burnetii can infect domestic and wild animals, rodents, birds and ticks. Q fever in animals is generally asymptomatic, although it can lead to reproductive disorders during pregnancy. The main route of infection in humans is inhalation of contaminated aerosol and dust. Serological studies have shown the presence of antibodies to C. burnetii in the serum samples of cattle in Belgrade epizootiological area. Seroprevalence of 18% was found in farm bred cattle, while it was only 1.5% in individual breeding. In farm bred cows that have suffered abortion prevalence was 49%, and only 1.9% in individual breeding. The overall results indicate that the circulation of this pathogen in cattle, in Belgrade epizootiological area, poses a health risk, not only to the cattle, but also to the humans, especially persons working with animals. Q fever control programs most often recommend serological research and vaccination of animals. Accordingly, it is necessary to define a strategy for the implementation of biosecurity measures and preventive measures against Q fever.