An empirical and theoretical approach to a country's economic activity based on a Social Accounting Matrix. An application to Portugal

S. Santos
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Abstract

The economic flows measured by the national accounts, which are associated with transactions of goods, services, and assets, as well as transfers, all represent interactions between institutional units, to whom legal responsibility for their actions and the fulfilment of specific economic functions is recognized. These flows are defined by the underlying system – the System of National Accounts (SNA) as being transactions. When represented in the matrix form, depending on the classification and organization of the institutional units, at the origin and the destination of the corresponding flows, the “from-whom-to-whom” transactions can be measured and modelled, benefiting from the underlying network of linkages. By adopting the nomenclatures and rules of the current version of the above-mentioned system (SNA 2008), this study uses a top-down methodology to design a matrix representation of the above-mentioned transactions - the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Empirical and theoretical descriptions of the economic activity of a country (Portugal is used as the illustrative case), made possible by the use of the numerical and algebraic versions of a SAM, are adopted to approach the multiplier effects of policy measures and the corresponding economic adjustments.
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一种基于社会会计矩阵的国家经济活动的实证和理论方法。申请葡萄牙
国民核算所衡量的与货物、服务和资产交易以及转移有关的经济流量都代表了机构单位之间的相互作用,这些机构单位对其行动和履行特定经济职能负有法律责任。这些流动由基础系统-国民账户系统(SNA)定义为交易。当以矩阵形式表示时,根据机构单位的分类和组织,在相应流动的起源和目的地,“从谁到谁”的交易可以被测量和建模,受益于潜在的联系网络。通过采用上述系统当前版本的命名法和规则(SNA 2008),本研究使用自上而下的方法设计上述交易的矩阵表示-社会会计矩阵(SAM)。对一个国家的经济活动(以葡萄牙为例)的经验和理论描述,通过使用量化资产管理的数值和代数版本得以实现,以接近政策措施和相应的经济调整的乘数效应。
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