Peranan Plasmafaresis pada Keracunan Bisa Ular Tipe Neurotoksik

Abstract

Female 19-year old with severe general neuroparalytic, admitted in intensive care unit with respiratory failure. He suffer from snake bite during night sleeping  2 hours before arrived in emergency unit of RSCM hospital. In early after snake bite, patient complained nausea, dizziness, limb parasthesia then felt uncomfortable eyesight. During observation in emergency unit anti venom serum (AVS) was given immediately 2 vial (10 ml) in 250 ml normal saline for an hour and then 2 vials in 250 normal saline in 3 hours ,but about 3 hours post bitten, patient suffer from ptosis, opthalmoplegia and quadriplegia, respiratory shortness followed by respiratory arrest. We diagnosed it as respiratory failure and neuromotoric paralytic  ec. snake  venom intoxication. After intubation and second   dose AVS, patient moved to ICU for mechanical ventilation support and further treatment. We did CVVHDF for three days,  AVS shcedulles 6 vials in 24 hours for 6 days.  Until 7 days stay in ICU there were neuroparalytic improvement but not progressively and patient still on ventilator. Pasmapharesis then  performed at 8thand 12th day in ICU. Weaning process going on smoothly and patient  extubated at 14th day. Patient discharged from ICU at 16th day with fully aware, normal heart rate and blood pressureand score muscle strength is 4 until 5. We concluded that the neurotoxin venom in this case destructed  vesicles presynaptic of nerve terminalmake resistant  to AVS and neostigmin. We suspect this patient was exposedto high dose and more toxic venom where  released continuously from bite site tissue or lymph circulation to blood and  threaten recovery process. Plasmapharesis improve neuroparalytic and sympathetic overactivity significantlyand decrease lenght of stay in ICU.