Translating Tongzhi: Splintering Sexual Identity in Hong Kong

Abstract

This article aims to illustrate the appropriation of the term ‘tongzhi, 同志’ in the formation of LGBT+ identity in (post-)colonial Hong Kong tracing the splintering of sexual identity and development of tongzhi from sexual deviant to sexual citizen. It examines three distinct waves (1980s, 1990s, and 2000s) within which the term ‘tongzhi’ has been translated in each context acting as a tool of resistance and subversion. This research adopts a Foucauldian perspective of sexuality and George L. Mosse’s conceptualization of nationalism to analyze how the identity of sexual minorities have been marginalized, problematized, and regulated by three locales of power following the colonization of Hong Kong. ‘Sexual citizenship’ is employed to analyze the transformation of tongzhi during the tongzhi movement’s campaign to decriminalize homosexual activity, develop a community, and acquire the status of citizen.