Kapabilitas Dinamik, Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Inovasi: Studi Empiris dalam Pengembangan Industri Halal di Sumatera Selatan Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

ABSTRAK   Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan industri halal di Indonesia yaitu sumber daya manusia (SDM), di mana masih banyaknya SDM yang belum kompeten dalam pengembangan industri halal, terutama pada pelaku usaha kecil. Mengembangkan SDM unggul menjadi salah satu kunci utama pengembangan industri halal. Pengembangan industri halal di Indonesia harus dilakukan dengan inovatif dan kompetitif. Pelaku usaha industri halal diharapkan memiliki standar kinerja inovasi yang mumpuni agar dapat memanfaatkan momentum masa pasca pandemi Covid-19 sebagai titik kebangkitan industri halal pasca pandemi Covid-19. Untuk mendukung adanya inovasi dan terwujudnya kinerja inovasi bagi pengembangan industri halal di Indonesia, dibutuhkan SDM yang memiliki kompetensi. Pengembangan kompetensi SDM sangat tergantung dengan komitmen dan kapabilitas dinamik dari pelaku industri halal. Dalam persaingan bisnis global khususnya pemulihan pasca pandemi Covid-19, pelaku industri halal selain memerhatikan struktur industri, juga harus melihat perspektif internal dengan menelaah secara seksama sumber daya yang dimilikinya dan bagaimana mengombinasikannya untuk memperoleh kompetensi inti dan keunggulan kompetitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kapabilitas dinamik yang terdiri dari adaptive capabilities, absorptive capabilities, dan innovative capabilities secara langsung terhadap kinerja inovasi maupun secara tidak langsung melalui kompetensi sumber daya manusia sebagai variabel mediasi. Grand Theory yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori resource-based view. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 170 pelaku industri halal skala kecil di Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini diolah dengan teknik analisis Structural Equation Modeling. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptive capabilities berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kompetensi SDM dan kinerja inovasi. Sedangkan absorptive capabilities berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kompetensi SDM, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja inovasi. Selanjutnya innovative capabilities berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja inovasi, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kompetensi SDM. Kompetensi SDM hanya menjadi variabel intervening antara pengaruh adaptive capabilities dan absorptive capabilities terhadap kinerja inovasi.   Kata Kunci: Kapabilitas Dinamik, Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, Kinerja Inovasi, Industri Halal, Pandemi Covid-19   ABSTRACT   One of the obstacles in the development of the halal industry in Indonesia is human resources (HR), where there are still many HR who are not competent in developing the halal industry, especially small business entrepreneurs. Developing superior human resources is one of the main keys to developing the halal industry. The development of the halal industry in Indonesia must be carried out in an innovative and competitive manner. Halal industry business entrepreneurs are expected to have qualified innovation performance standards so they can take advantage of the post-Covid-19 pandemic momentum as a revival point for the halal industry after the Covid-19 pandemic. To support innovation and realize innovation performance for the development of the halal industry in Indonesia, competent human resources are needed. HR competency development is highly dependent on the commitment and dynamic capabilities of halal industry entrepreneurs. In global business competition, especially in the post-pandemic recovery of Covid-19, apart from paying attention to industry structure, halal industry players must also look at the internal perspective by carefully examining the resources they have and how to combine them to gain core competencies and competitive advantage. This study aims to analyze the effect of dynamic capabilities consisting of adaptive capabilities, absorptive capabilities, and innovative capabilities directly on innovation performance and indirectly through human resource competence as a mediating variable. The grand theory used in this study is the resource based view theory. The sample in this study were 170 small-scale halal industry entrepreneurs in South Sumatra. This research was processed using the Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique. The research results show that adaptive capabilities have a significant effect on HR competence and innovation performance. Meanwhile, absorptive capabilities have a significant effect on HR competence, but do not have a significant effect on innovation performance. Furthermore, innovative capabilities have a significant effect on innovation performance, but do not have a significant effect on HR competence. HR competency is only an intervening variable between the effect of adaptive capabilities and absorptive capabilities on innovation performance.   Keywords : Dynamic Capability, Human Resource Competence, Innovation Performance, Halal Industry, Covid-19 Pandemic