PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL BERBAHAN BAKU FRAKSI MINYAK CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL) PARIT TERKATALISIS ZEOLIT ALAM LAMPUNG

Abstract

Synthesis of biodiesel from pond CPO has been done. Pond CPO is oil fraction in the liquid waste of the CPO factory, which is expected to be one of the raw materials to replace fossil raw materials. The synthesis was carried out in 2 stages: esterification to convert free fatty acids into methyl esters and then transesterification to convert triglycerides into methyl esters. The catalyst used was based on Lampung Natural Zeolite (LNZ), modified with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 (H-LNZ) and used as a catalyst in the esterification stage. The next catalyst was LNZ, modified with KOH (OH-LNZ) and tested its catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction. The concentration of KOH was varied to determine the effect of base concentration on the catalytic activity of OH-LNZ at the transesterification stage. To determine the characteristics of the synthesized catalyst, characterization was carried out using XRD and FTIR. XRD characterization results show that LNZ is a type of clinoptilolite mineral at 2θ in the 9.907 area; 22.389; 22.748; 28.041; and 30.027°. There was a peak shift at 2θ in the 28.041° area for LNZ to 27.802° at 0.5 M OH-LNZ and also a decrease in intensity. This shows an interaction between the zeolite and KOH, and then K 2 O is formed. The formation of K 2 O is indication that impregnated KOH on the surface of zeolite matrix has been modified through the calcination process. The FTIR results show that the higher the concentration of KOH, the vibration of the O-H functional group also increases, but the vibration of the T-O functional group decreases. Biodiesel with the highest yield was obtained on 2 M OH-LNZ catalyst, 20.25% with 38.59% octadecanoic methyl ester linoleic, and other small percentages of other methyl esters. The viscosity of biodiesel is 0.95 mm 2 /s at 40°C.