Tools for Studying Childhood

B. Woodhouse
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Abstract

Chapter two discusses the models, methods and value metrics used in this book. It presents the ecological model developed by sociologist Urie Bronfenbrenner, which places the child at the center of overlapping and intersecting microsystems (e.g., family, school, peer group) where children’s daily lives unfold. Encircling these microsystems are layers of exosystems (e.g., healthcare, justice systems and labor markets) where children may rarely go but that powerfully affect them. Surrounding and permeating the entire ecological diagram are macrosystemic forces, defined as the dominant ideas, values, prejudices, and powers of the surrounding society. The primary methods or frameworks for analysis deployed in the book are comparative legal method, sociology, ethnography and an environmentalist perspective, incorporating ideas like sustainability and the precautionary principle of avoiding harm. However, evaluating outcomes requires identifying a value system. Drawing on the work of Erik Erikson, the book proposes ecogenerism, a value system that treats the meeting of children’s essential needs and the welfare of succeeding generations as the paramount goals of society. The chapter closes with a description of how and why the two villages, Scanno, Italy and Cedar Key, Florida, were chosen to serve as petri dishes for comparative ethnographic study.
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研究童年的工具
第二章讨论了本书中使用的模型、方法和价值度量。它呈现了社会学家Urie Bronfenbrenner开发的生态模型,该模型将儿童置于重叠和交叉的微系统(例如,家庭,学校,同龄人群体)的中心,儿童的日常生活在这些微系统中展开。围绕着这些微系统的是一层又一层的外部系统(例如,医疗保健、司法系统和劳动力市场),儿童可能很少去这些系统,但这些系统对他们产生了巨大的影响。围绕和渗透整个生态图的是宏观系统力量,定义为周围社会的主导思想、价值观、偏见和权力。书中运用的主要分析方法或框架是比较法律方法、社会学、人种学和环境主义观点,结合了可持续性和避免伤害的预防原则等理念。然而,评估结果需要确定一个价值体系。这本书借鉴了埃里克·埃里克森(Erik Erikson)的著作,提出了生态通用论(ecogenerism),这是一种将满足儿童基本需求和后代福利作为社会最高目标的价值体系。本章最后描述了意大利的Scanno和佛罗里达州的Cedar Key这两个村庄是如何以及为什么被选为比较人种学研究的培养皿的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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