Potential births loss due to male and female infertility in Moscow

A. A. Savina, E. Zemlyanova, Elena V. Feiginova
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Abstract

Background. During past three decades Russia is characterized by natural population decrease. And low fertility along with high mortality is the reason for this. A small natural increase in population has been observed in Moscow since 2011, but the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the achieved positive dynamics due to sharp mortality growth. According to a number of studies, fertility decline is caused, among other things, by high prevalence of infertility, both female and male. As a result, infertility prevalence in the capital’s population is one of the main sources of reproductive losses. The study purpose is to estimate potential births losses due to female and male infertility in Moscow compared to Russia’s indicators. Materials and methods. Data from reporting statistical form №12 on disease prevalence (Ministry of Health of Russia) for 2011–2021 were used for analysis. Estimation of potential births loss was made using the method developed by Zemlyanova E.V. (2003). Results. Prevalence of female infertility in Moscow increased 3 times in 2011–2021, male infertility – 2 times, in Russia prevalence of infertility in females increase by one third, in males – nearly twice. In Moscow infertility prevalence indicators are substantially lower than Russia’s average. In 2021 prevalence of infertility in women equaled 735.9 per 100,000, in men – 11.4 per 100,000, in Russia as a whole – 789.1 and 67.1 respectively. Thus, there is multiple difference between female’s and male’s indicators: 64:1 in Moscow and 12:1 in Russia respectively. The scales of summary potential births loss due to female infertility in Moscow estimated 16 %, due to male infertility – less than 1 %; in Russia – 18 % and 3 % respectively. Conclusion. Thus, potential births loss due to infertility both in women and men are present both in Moscow and Russia and summary figures equal about 17–21 %. There is a significant underestimation of cases of male infertility in primary health care. True data on infertility prevalence especially in men is possible to obtain only as a result of creation of a specialized andrological service in the healthcare system. Development and implementation of a state program on protection of male reproductive health can contribute to fertility increase.
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莫斯科男性和女性不孕造成的潜在生育损失
背景。在过去的三十年里,俄罗斯的特点是人口自然减少。低生育率和高死亡率是造成这一现象的原因。自2011年以来,莫斯科人口出现了小幅自然增长,但由于死亡率急剧上升,COVID-19大流行中断了已取得的积极动态。根据若干研究,除其他外,生育率下降的原因是男女不孕症发生率高。因此,首都人口中不孕症的流行是生殖损失的主要来源之一。该研究的目的是与俄罗斯的指标相比,估计莫斯科女性和男性不育造成的潜在生育损失。材料和方法。数据来自2011-2021年疾病流行报告统计表№12(俄罗斯卫生部)。使用Zemlyanova E.V.(2003)开发的方法估算潜在的生育损失。结果。2011-2021年,莫斯科女性不育症患病率增加了3倍,男性不育症患病率增加了2倍,俄罗斯女性不育症患病率增加了三分之一,男性不育症患病率增加了近两倍。在莫斯科,不孕症患病率指标大大低于俄罗斯的平均水平。2021年,女性不孕症患病率为每10万人中735.9人,男性为每10万人中11.4人,整个俄罗斯的不孕症患病率分别为789.1人和67.1人。因此,男女指标存在多重差异:莫斯科为64:1,俄罗斯为12:1。在莫斯科,由于女性不育症造成的潜在出生损失估计为16%,由于男性不育症-不到1%;在俄罗斯,分别为18%和3%。结论。因此,在莫斯科和俄罗斯,由于女性和男性不孕症而导致的潜在生育损失都存在,汇总数据约为17 - 21%。初级保健对男性不育症的估计严重不足。只有在医疗保健系统中建立了专门的男科服务,才能获得关于不孕症患病率,特别是男性不孕症患病率的真实数据。制定和执行保护男性生殖健康的国家方案有助于提高生育率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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