THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF BUILDING INDEPENDENCE IN CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE IN GAME ACTIVITIES

Abstract

The article substantiates the current problems of raising independent children of senior preschool age in game activities. It has been established that upbringing of preschoolers consists in self-control of their activities, shortcomings and defects. Behind this short definition stands a huge number of abilities and skills: organizational, general-speech, cognitive, control-evaluative, that a child should acquire. It has been proved that in order to work independently, a child of senior preschool age must be able to organize his work, carry it out rationally, check the quality of the work done.Indicators of a child’s independence are outlined, which are reflected in three components: cognitive (knowledge, rules, norms, ideas about one’s traits and skills); emotional-value (a system of feelings related to one’s own states, needs, self-esteem, personal meaning); behavioral (willingness to act in a certain way, the ability to regulate one’s own behavior, analyze the situation and personal values). It has been established that each of these components is particularly important for the formation of the “self” of an individual. The leading importance of game activities in the structure of cognitive tasks is analyzed, attention to the wide use of the game environment enables children to show all forms of social and cognitive activity.One of the peculiarities of building children’s independence is the ability to make free choices, which is associated with self-development and self-creation. The basis of the choice of a child of senior preschool age is always game activity. Children are characterized by the desire to take on the role of an “adult” – this is where their desire for independence is manifested. While playing, they try to bring into the game what they observe in the surrounding life.It has been established that the ability to act quickly in new social conditions depends on the communication abilities and skills of senior preschool children, the sufficient level of which allows the child to be confident in himself. Throughout preschool childhood, children develop a need for communication with an adult, inclusion in various types of game activities, which contributes to the formation of an emotional and value attitude to reality and to oneself, self-knowledge, self-affirmation, assimilation of humanistic values, development of creative abilities and imagination. Keywords: independence; upbringing; children of senior preschool age; game activity; cognitive independence; communication abilities and skills; self-development; self-knowledge; self-affirmation; assimilation of humanistic values; development of creative abilities and imagination.